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Materi:
1>2.1 The Atomic Theory 42
2>2.2 The Structure of the Atom 43
3>2.3 Atomic Number, Mass Number, and Isotopes 49
4>2.4 The Periodic Table 51
5>2.5 Molecules and Ions 53
6>2.6 Chemical Formulas 55
7>2.7 Naming Compounds 59
8>2.8 Introduction to Organic Compounds 68
9>3.1 Atomic Mass 80
10>3.2 Avogadro’s Number and Molar Mass of an Element 81
11>3.3 Molecular Mass 85
12>3.4 The Mass Spectrometer 88
13>3.5 Percent Composition of Compounds 88
14>3.6 Experimental Determination of Empirical Formulas 92
15>3.7 Chemical Reactions and Chemical Equations 94
16>3.8 Amounts of Reactants and Products 99
17>3.9 Limiting Reagents 103
18>3.10 Reaction Yield 106
19>4.1 General Properties of Aqueous Solutions 122
20>4.2 Precipitation Reactions 124
21>4.3 Acid-Base Reactions 129
22>4.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions 135
23>4.5 Concentration of Solutions 147
24>4.6 Gravimetric Analysis 151
25>4.7 Acid-Base Titrations 153
26>4.8 Redox Titrations 156
27>5.1 Substances That Exist as Gases 174
28>5.2 Pressure of a Gas 175
29>5.3 The Gas Laws 179
30>5.4 The Ideal Gas Equation 185
31>5.5 Gas Stoichiometry 194
32>5.6 Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures 196
33>5.7 The Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases 201
34>5.8 Deviation from Ideal Behavior 211
35>6.1 The Nature of Energy and Types of Energy 230
36>6.2 Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions 231
37>6.3 Introduction to Thermodynamics 233
38>6.4 Enthalpy of Chemical Reactions 239
39>6.5 Calorimetry 245
40>7.1 From Classical Physics to Quantum Theory 276
41>7.2 The Photoelectric Effect 280
42>7.3 Bohr’s Theory of the Hydrogen Atom 282
43>7.4 The Dual Nature of the Electron 288
44>7.5 Quantum Mechanics 293
45>7.6 Quantum Numbers 294
46>7.7 Atomic Orbitals 297
47>7.8 Electron Confi guration 300
48>7.9 The Building-Up Principle 307
49>8.1 Development of the Periodic Table 324
50>8.2 Periodic Classifi cation of the Elements 326
51>8.3 Periodic Variation in Physical Properties 330
52>8.4 Ionization Energy 337
53>8.5 Electron Affi nity 341
54>8.6 Variation in Chemical Properties of the Representative
55>9.1 Lewis Dot Symbols 366
56>9.2 The Ionic Bond 367
57>9.3 Lattice Energy of Ionic Compounds 369
58>9.4 The Covalent Bond 374
59>9.5 Electronegativity 377
60>9.6 Writing Lewis Structures 380
61>9.7 Formal Charge and Lewis Structure 383
62>9.8 The Concept of Resonance 386
63>9.9 Exceptions to the Octet Rule 389
64>9.10 Bond Enthalpy 394
65>10.1 Molecular Geometry 410
10.2 Dipole Moment 420
10.3 Valance Bond Theory 424
10.4 Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals 428
10.5 Hybridization in Molecules Containing Double and Triple Bonds 437
10.6 Molecular Orbital Theory 440
10.7 Molecular Orbital Confi gurations 443
10.8 Delocalized Molecular Orbitals 448
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